Knowledge management is indispensable strategy today - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1951 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? For some decades ago, in business world, many companies had been successfully operated, and of course, many were eradicated out of the game. we can easily predict that the former firms might have good managers to run their business effectively, or such firms might have the right choice of offering goods and services that have high demand at that period, or it may be other factors contributing to their success such as employees skills, effective cost production and so on. For the later firms, the outcomes of these unsuccessful ones might be resulted from being lack of effective managers, or because of wrong goods and services they were offering, and etc. Today business world, in order to have long-lasting survival, in addition to effective managers, cost effective production, good employees, and right product choices, firms have to maintain, store, and enhance what their managers and employees know such as experiences about setting effective and efficient plan f or their company and the way company is managed, understandings of customers , experiences about making products or services, and so on. In other words, knowledge of employees and staffs in the company must be maintained for the application of next generation. It is the truth that today firms are more focus on knowledge maintenance, especially in high technology industry in order to keep their position in the business world, and hence, knowledge management is one of the most important policy firms put it on priority among their goals and objectives. An in-depth analysis into this issue will provide you background of knowledge at different views, how knowledge management is performed in today business competitive industry, why it is important to entities, and its life cycle as well. Body Knowledge Suppose that two employees who have the same period working in a garment company but why their production is considerably different after a specific time? People may commonly an swer that it is due to the difference of their working skills, knowledge, and experiences. Of course, we can easily realize that employee who has high production would have better skills, knowledge and experiences compared with the remaining one. It will be profitable if all employees are high production ones. The truth is that the more skills, knowledge, and experience employees possess, the more value the company will be added. That is why knowledge management will somehow play a major role in the company strategy. To understand about knowledge management, we have to know what is the knowledge. Imaging that we know how to cook a bowl of Hue-style-beef noodle, (a traditional food in Hue city, Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam), the method and the skills we cook are considered as our knowledge. Therefore, knowledge can be come from physical ones such as books, newspaper, magazines, and etc, and hence people can learn cooking from any teaching-cooking boob. Besides, knowledge also can be drawn from experiences of people. For example, a person does not learn cooking through a book, but from what he or she observes other cookers, and then he or she will have knowledge about cooking. To have more understanding about knowledge, lets us consider some views of knowledge. In Elias M. Award and Hassan M. Ghaziris view (2003), knowledge is defined as understanding gained through experience or study (1). For this definition, knowledge may come from familiarity with how to do a special work or also may draw from accumulating facts, procedures rules, or heuristics. It is also defined that knowledge is the process of translating information (such as data) and past experience into a meaningful set of relationships which are understood and applied by an individual (2) (Shelda Debowski, 2006). Looking at these two views, we can see that the formers view has a broader look and more succinct compared with the laters one despite of its short definition. As it has been menti oned above, knowledge can be drawn from experience and study as well, but the thing is that what will we name knowledge from experience, and knowledge from study, making it easy to have a closer look at knowledge . If we want to have an in-depth understanding about knowledge, we have to know it in details, and It will be more understandable for readers if knowledge can be categorized. That is the reason why knowledge experts from different countries have categorized knowledge into two common types, the tacit knowledge and the explicit knowledge. It is not difficult for us to understand about tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. Tacit means to be silent, and hence it might not be spoken out, meaning that if a person has tacit knowledge, he or she might not be able to hand it over to other people by the means of communication, or writing description and the like. In other words, it is the knowledge we know but we do not realize we have known , and how we know it, thus we might n ot be able to make it understandable . For instance, knowing how to drive a bike is what tacit knowledge is about because it is very difficult to teach people driving via any writing description. Indeed, we all know about how to drive it but we cannot teach others step by step, or by writing the process of how to write a bike. This results in that no books teaching about bike driving are published in the world. Talking about explicit knowledge, we can realize that explicit means to be clear and directed. Therefore, such knowledge can be learned via academic and technical methods such as books, writings, chatting, communicating, and the like. A person knows how to cook through direction from a book is the explicit knowledge. In order to specify what is belong to tacit knowledge, and what is belong to explicit knowledge, we should realize characteristics each type of knowledge possesses. According to Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995)(3),tacit knowledge has the following characteristics : It is the knowledge used to create explicit knowledge. It is best communicated personally through dialogue and scenarios, with the use of metaphors. It is the knowledge embedded in the mind of human. And the explicit knowledges characteristics are listed as follow: It can be codified and digitized in books reports and so on. It can be retrieved and transmitted more easily than tacit knowledge. Professor Ikujiro Nonaka (2011), in an interview with Vietnam Economist Times, characterized tacit knowledge as subjective knowledge that is difficult to express in word and explicit knowledge as objective and rational knowledge that can be expressed in words (4). All of these characteristics, it is better for us to summarize that tacit knowledge is subjective (only existing in ones mind)and explicit is objective (exist outside ones mind as a real thing) and rational. Knowledge management Imaging that in a specified time, a manufacturing company possesses a very go od employees and staffs, and hence reaches low production cost, meaning that it will add more value to the firm because products are produced at a low cost by such employees. After two or three decades, most of those employees and staffs are retired according to employment rules, and new employees will be recruited into the company. Of course, these new employees are not good as those who have retired in terms of skills, and awareness of production process. As a result, the company will somehow face high production cost, reducing companys income, and that becomes a problem for that company. We can easy realize that it is the problem of knowledge management. If that company initially had knowledge management plan, the problem might not came. Knowledge management is about managing knowledge, especially in today companies, helping them maintain knowledge that their current employees, staffs, experts, and all managers possess in order to survive and to have positions in today competi tive market. According to Kimiz Dalkir (2005), knowledge management is the process of applying a systematic approach to the capture, structure, management, and dissemination of knowledge throughout an organization in order to faster, reuse best practices, and reduce costly rework from project to project(5. We can consider that knowledge management can be standard for companies that have the same industry, but the knowledge management approach in these companies might be different in terms of size, operational style, power of the company. Apple corporation is a manufacturing firm(producing cellular phones, Ipads, computers, and etc) that has more power than other companies having the same industry to run knowledge management effectively. That is the reason, the company publishes new generations of Iphone, Ipad in every year. For small companies, knowledge management might not be well operated, this may be because they do not have enough capital to use for knowledge management or may be due to their poor management style. The outcomes of effective knowledge management are quite considerable. It adds more value to companies, and helps companies keep its position in the competitive market. To improve knowledge management outcomes, one factor companies must consider is about their customers, and what customers need and what customers desire from the company will somehow contribute to companys advantages. Apple corporation has been aware about that factor, and hence, new features and favorite shape of Iphone are added to new generation, attracting customers to buy the new. Another factor companies should take a look at it is the product life cycle. If firms just concentrate on knowledge management but do not care about whether products they produce is out of date or not, the problem will come. Motorola corporation is an example, when become the global leader in pager market, leaders in the company effectively performed knowledge management strategy, and thus new generation of pagers was published, but the problem is that pagers was out of date due to advent of cell phones. Therefore, product life cycle consideration will in some ways contribute to the outcomes of knowledge management. Leaderships and skills needed to enhance knowledge management process Who will be important to knowledge management must be considered if we want our company have good knowledge management strategy installed. Managers are necessary to knowledge management plan in a company. They play a very vital role in supporting, implementing, and encouraging employees of their company. Both middle and top managers might have direct management of these employees. Knowledge management plan will be effectively and efficiently planned , if managers have good skills on planning and are aware of the importance on knowledge management. Besides, managers have to focus on knowledge management cycle in order to reach the best knowledge management strategy. According to Nonaka and Takeuchi(1995), there are four stages in the cycle of knowledge management. Managers should follow these stages. For example, the first stage managers can do is to gather personal skills of employees by the mean of socialization such as face to face communication. Managers should then convert these collected knowledge into meaningful ways that people can understand, that we call the process of externalization. Combination of these meaningful ways must be performed in order to reach a new form. The last stage is that managers have to encourage employees to extend the knowledge using their own tacit knowledge. If the four stages are well performed, the outcomes of knowledge management will be very considerable. Conclusion To sum up, knowledge management can be viewed as a new vital strategy of any entity in today competitive market as it adds more value to business and keep companys position in the future. That is the reason why many companies have concentrated on knowledge management. Footnotes: (1): Elias M. Award and Hassan M. Ghaziri, (2003), Knowledge Management, Prentice Hall. (2): Shelda Debowski, (2006), Knowledge Management, first edition, Sydney and Melbourne, John Wiley and Sons Australia. (3): Kimiz Dalkir (2005), Knowledge Management In Theory and Practice, Elsevier. (4): Ikujiro Nonaka ( April 2011), Drawing on Knowledge, Vietnam Economic Times, p.31. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Knowledge management is indispensable strategy today" essay for you Create order

Analysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues Essay

Several dialectics are at play in James Baldwin’s short story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† including a dialectic between the narrator and his beloved brother Sonny involving their opposing responses to the sense of oppression and limitation that arises from living in Harlem. This dialectic and its resolution closely parallel Baldwin’s masterful use of Blues, Jazz, and Gospel music. We follow the narrator and his brother Sonny as they traverse the complexities of their individual and interconnected Harlem lives. Each shoulders the challenge of attempting to understand one another, as well as living in a segregated and oppressed society. The narrator in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† is a black man living out his life in semi-comfortable obscurity within the deteriorating society of Harlem sometime in the late ‘40’s or early to mid ‘50’s. The title character â€Å"Sonny† is the narrator’s brother, a Jazz pianist who is coping with a heroin addiction and a coming off a recent stint in prison for possession of narcotics. At issue between the brothers is differing philosophies about how best to live: the narrator is sworn to be his brother’s protector and life supporter, yet he struggles to believe that Sonny’s life as a musician will be successful, fearing that it will inevitably lead Sonny back to heroi n use and death. The narrator doesn’t understand his brother’s career goals and he hopes that—much as he himself has done—Sonny will leave his musical aspirations behind and carve out a responsible lifeShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues 916 Words   |  4 PagesJames Baldwin’s story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† tells the tale of two African-American brothers trying to survive in 1950s America. Both struggle with darkness in their lives, from drugs to bottling up emotions. The following sources were found Literature Research Center’s website. Each of the four sources will be evaluated for the quality of their information, as well as their usefulness on the topic of darkness in â€Å" â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†. Flibbert, Joseph. Sonny s Blues: Overview. Reference Guide to ShortRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues 933 Words   |  4 Pagesstory. Blues is a genre of music that is often used to express a sad mood. The contradictory lives of the two brothers contribute to the theme of being safe and take risks. In this story, James Baldwin writes about two brothers who were raised together. As time passed, they separated from one another and lived completely different lives. â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† by James Baldwin addresses the themes of finding comfort in music, dangers of addiction and the suffering of two brothers. First, Baldwin uses theRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues 1578 Words   |  7 PagesJames Baldwin’s short story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† was a great tale of the struggles shared between two brothers in Harlem in 1957. This story is about two African American brothers who, unfortunately, grew apart as the aged. The plot shows the struggles the two brothers faced as they grew up in Harlem, and in return, the two drastically different paths they perused. James Baldwin was an African American who grew up in Harlem in the 1930s and 40s. Baldwin was the oldest of nine children, and grew upRead MoreAnalysis Of Sonny s Blue By James Baldwin Essay1004 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Sonny’s Blue† by James Baldwin is a story about two brothers who grew up in poverty. One brother went on to become a teacher, while the other pursued his dreams to become a musician and finds himself in prison due to drug use. The story begins with the narrator find ing out about Sonny’s arrest. It’s easy to see his shock and almost disbelief. It takes the narrator a while to write to Sonny, but eventually he does, and they regain communication with one another after over a year of silence. Sonny is releasedRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues 1366 Words   |  6 Pagesand dark ultimately guides Sonny and the narrator in their journey to overcome their internal struggles. In the short story Sonny’s Blues, James Baldwin uses darkness and light to show struggles and, transformation as both brothers teeter between the different shades of the blues, using music as a way to bring them both to redemption. Often times, when light is used in stories, readers can very easily relate the idea to happiness and following the right path. Baldwin uses light to illustrate whatRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues 995 Words   |  4 PagesJames Baldwin presents an emotional journey through Harlem in the 1950’s with his short story, â€Å"Sonny’s Blues.† From the beginning, the story is in medias res when the unnamed narrator is informed of bad news concerning his younger, troubled brother, Sonny. Throughout the story there is an ocean of emotions witnessed between these two brothers as they battle hardships from their past and present time. The setting plays an important role in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† to an extent where it is practically a characterRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues Essay1154 Words   |  5 Pagesntroduction: James Baldwin, author of Sonny s Blues, once said, I grew up with music...much more than with any other language. In a way, the music I grew up with saved my life (Session 3 Inquiry: Rudolfo Anaya and James Baldwin, 2015).   Blues becomes Sonny s drug and his addiction to it his salvation.       Even though the adults refrain from lamenting their sufferings directly to the children and telling them about the darkness, the child-narrator still intimates its marks in their facesRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Sonny s Blue `` By James Baldwin1474 Words   |  6 Pages Music can be the lead to freedom from darkness. The story â€Å"Sonny’s Blue† by James Baldwin takes places in Harlem around the 1950’s. The story is about two brothers. One of the brothers is the narrator of the story whose name is unknown. The narrator tells the story of the struggles in Harlem but mainly the struggles of his brother with drugs, and his passion for jazz music. Through out the story the narrator avoids giving a sense of his own struggles with himself. 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After high school he decided to become a writer and with the help of the black American expatriate writer Richard Wright, won a grant that enabled him to move to Paris, where he lived most of his remaining years. He wrote a variety of novels mostly about the intellectual trials of black men in a white, racist society and homosexual themes. James Baldwin wrote â€Å"Sonny’s

Compare and Contrast Old and New Imperialism free essay sample

New Imperialism of the late 19th and early 20th centuries compared to Old Imperialism of the 16th and 17th centuries. Imperialism is the spread of control over territories across the globe. The Industrial Revolution and interests in nationalism created a new period of imperialism around 1750. Old imperialism lasted from 1450- 1750, but imperialism alone remained until 1914. Old imperialism and new imperialism shared the same basic concept of controlling and utilizing foreign countries. Old imperialism focused mainly on systems of trade while new imperialism took bolder steps to overtaking nations. Old Imperialism was the period from 1450-1750 -Powers were motivated by â€Å"gold, glory, and God† -Gold referred to the wealth (precious metals and valuable merchandise) that the newly discovered lands promised to deliver -Glory described the pride a monarch of Europe felt in laying claim to new land -Gospel was a reference to the desire of European powers to bring heathens to Christ Old Imperialism was driven by Mercantilism-is the economic doctrine in which government control of foreign trade is of paramount importance for ensuring the prosperity and military security of the state. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast Old and New Imperialism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In particular, it demands a positive balance of trade. New Imperialism took place from 1750-1914 -colonial expansion adopted by Europe’s powers and later Japan and the United States -During the 19th and early 20th centuries expansion took place from the French conquest of Algeria until WW1 -This period is distinguished by an unprecedented pursuit of overseas territorial acquisitions -The Berlin Conference -organized by Bismark to provide for a more orderly conquest of Africa Old Imperialism was the period from 1450-1750, in which powers were motivated by â€Å"gold, glory, and God†. Political power was controlled by central governments while leaders were busy trying to increase their power. National wealth was widely viewed as holder of power. In old Imperialism, Europeans focused on a cash and carry system, where they purchased goods from native merchants who brought the goods they produced. This led to a focus on a trading system because Europeans didn’t want to take on territorial responsibilities. During the Old imperialism era, Europeans set up trading posts, ports, and docks. These trading centers benefited the places the mother country was supplying too. They had objectives to protect their trading centers in native places and none to obtain territories in them. Europe’s trade within and between native lands led to cultural diversity which may have caused a small breach in unity. However, the old Imperialism era ended due to high costs in taking over territories and too much time to supply the mother country. There was no time to build up a superior, organized, skilled army for anyone. Also, due to the Industrial Revolution there was now a faster more efficient way to create and manufacture products. Throughout Western Europe, political authority was completely controlled by central governments, while leaders, such as Isabela I, were busy with the concept of how to increase the power of the state. National wealth was widely viewed as the groundwork of national power, governmental controls soon dominated nearly all of the states domestic economy. The start of Old Imperialism was based on the military and naval power and the underlining motive was essentially capitalistic. It began with sea explorations of the Spanish and Portuguese in the second half of the 15th century. Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal actually set up a School of Exploration for that very purpose. Commercial companies were sponsored and financed with military and naval expeditions frequently sent out after them to ensure political control of oversea territories. Eventually, great colonial empires were established by the various naval forces of Europe. Success was determined based on strategy and military power, as well as religious, social, and economic justifications. Early in the 17th century, the Netherlands consisted of the highest ranking naval force; overtaking much of Portugal and creating establishments on the coasts of North and South Americas. France eventually created colonies in North and South America as well. Although Portugal and France started early with imperialism, England wasn’t far behind. England, and then the United Kingdom, ended up creating the most colonies, ranging from North and South Americas to Africa and India. On July 4, 1776, the Thirteen Colonies signed the Declaration of Independence, became the United States, a sovereign nation, and was no longer under control by the British. Some people consider this the downfall in Britain’s imperial lusts. Portugal and Spain ended up dropping out of the imperial race soon thereafter. Began in 1880’s in Africa; earlier in Asia -In 1800 Europeans controlled about 7% of the world’s territory; by 1914, they controlled 84% -Europeans colonized Africa and Asia by using military force to take control of local governments, exploiting local economies for raw materials required by Europe’s growing industry and imposing Western values to benefit the â€Å"backwards† colonies -Britain’s control of Egypt in the 1880’s became the model for the â€Å"New Imperialism† Major causes for the imperialist impulse Search for new markets and raw materials. The industrial revolution created a surplus of goods; capitalists sought new markets for goods -New markets often proved elusive since colonial peoples were usually too poor to purchase European goods New military and naval bases to protect one’s interests against other European powers -Britain concerned by French German land grabs in 1880’s -Increased tensions between the â€Å"haves† (Britain) and the â€Å"have not’s† (Germany Italy) who came in late to the imperialistic competition -Ideology: nationalism and Social Darwinism †Survival of the fittest† ideology (Herbert Spencer) rationalized the conquest of weak countries by stronger more civilized ones -†White Man’s Burden†: racist and patronizing view that preached that the â€Å"superior† Westerners had an obligation to bring their culture to â€Å"uncivilized† peoples in other parts of the world Berlin conference 1884-85: established the â€Å"ru les† for conquest in Africa Provisions: No imperial power could claim a territory in Africa unless it effectively controlled that territory; and Slavery and the slave trade in Africa was terminated -Sought to prevent international conflicts between European nations over the issue of imperialism -Sponsored by German chancellor Bismark Jules Ferry; as result â€Å"scramble for Africa† was on The â€Å"Scramble for Africa† -In 1880, Europeans controlled 10 % of Africa; by 1914, controlled all except Liberia Ethiopia -Began in 1870’s when Belgium took control of the Congo The British Empire in Africa -Sudan. Kitchener defeated Sudanese tribesman and killed 11,000 (with machine guns) while only 28 Britons died French Empire in Africa -Algeria- Since 1830, the French had controlled Algeria in North Africa; The attack on French shipping by Barbary pirates was used as a pretext for conquest; Algeria remained under French control until the early 1960s Germany- Since Germany wasn’t unified until 1871, it was late to the imperialist game compared to Britain and France Italy- Italy was the last of the European powers to participate in the scramble for Africa -Eritrea on the Red Sea coast became Italy’s first colony in Africa in the 188s -In 1896, Italian forces were defeated trying to take Ethiopia -Italy became the first European country to suffer a defeat by Africans.

Lucky Luciano Essay Research Paper LUCIANO S free essay sample

Lucky Luciano Essay, Research Paper LUCIANO S ORGANIZED CRIME He s frequently called the greatest gangster of all time to populate. Although Lucky Luciano didn T go about it in a legal manner he had his head set on wealth and that s what he went for. Lucky was able to mount the ladder to go the foreman of foremans in the Mafia universe and he took a whole new expression at the manner he wanted things to be ran. With the aid of his childhood friend he would convey the Mafia universe together and hold the combat between the chief Mafia households in America. Through his superb head and his ways of force he would get down to form offense in new and extremist ways, which would take to the manner organized offense was thought of and seen everlastingly. Charles Lucky Luciano started with an honorable occupation when he was 17, he was presenting ladies chapeaus for adult male named Max Goodman. We will write a custom essay sample on Lucky Luciano Essay Research Paper LUCIANO S or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This all changed though when he met George Scanlon, a popular drug trader that worked Lucky s portion of town. Lucky was interested in Scanlon s life manner and asked if he could work for him. Scanlon decided to give him a opportunity and Lucky started to present diacetylmorphine in the sets of the chapeaus he was presenting for Goodman. It was doing him some easy money, but it wasn t long before it caught up with him. A friend of Lucky s who was covetous of his money tipped off the bulls and he was arrested outside of a poolroom, a popular haunt for nuts and thrusters, and sentenced to a twelvemonth in Hampton Farms Penitentiary. He was paroled six months subsequently and that was his last apprehension for 20 old ages and his start in the large clip ( Gosch A ; Hammer Pgs.14-16 ) . Bootlegging was really popular during prohibition in 1920, and it made many mobsters a batch of money. Lucky was able to do his manner near the top of the bootlegging industry through geting many ill-famed connexions like: Guisseppe Doto Joe Adonis, Waxey Gordon, and Arnold Rothstein, the adult male who fixed the 1918 World Series. With connexions like these Luciano and his spouses were able to run an imperium of bootlegging. This consisted of workss, distilleries, trucks, and warehouses all for the sale of illegal intoxicant ( murderINC.com ) . While others in the industry had to utilize little speedboats to offload the female parent ships, Luciano and Lansky s contacts enabled them to dock their ships in New York seaport for easy conveyance of the intoxicant to the speakeasies, illegal bars where people could travel and hold a drink ( Buchanan-Part 1 ) . Luciano was quoted as stating: I ll bet in the yearss when me and my cats got our whisky concern together, we had a bigger company than Henry Ford. We had exporters and importers, all sorts of aid that any corporation needs ; merely we had more. And we had attorneies by the carload, and they was on call 24 hours a twenty-four hours. Guys ever told me later that I should ve set my encephalons to runnin a legit concern and I d have been a enormous success, but I wouldn Ts have enjoyed it like what I was doin ( Gosch A ; Hammer Pg. 44 ) . Throughout prohibition there were ways for acquiring around the jurisprudence. Law enforcement groups were easy bribed with money to maintain out of the bootlegging industries manner. Among these were the constabulary, authorities functionaries, and seashore guards to allow the cargo from sea come to the docks. The moonshiners had a really thought out system of graft, and earned the functionaries trust by maintaining their oral cavities shut when they were really arrested ( Chandler Pg. 130 ) . In the states two largest metropoliss, New York and Chicago, constabulary and politicians were far more concerned with being paid off than they were by the lifting Numberss of dead mobsters in the streets. Corruptness spread to every authorities section, 100s of agents were accused of corruptness, many were arrested and most of them were convicted and sent to prison ( Woodiwiss Pgs. 14-15 ) . Throughout prohibition Lucky had his head set on being the top foreman in the Mafia universe and this would shortly go on. Luciano was working for one of the top old Dons of New York, Giuseppe Joe The Boss Masseria, but he was acquiring tired of Masseria s manner of managing concern. Lucky saw many chances, that could hold made the organisations net incomes increase greatly, steal off. Lucky Luciano felt that in order for Masseria to acquire in on the increasing net incomes he needed to diversify and spread out his concern. Unfortunately this would non happen because Masseria didn t believe in making concern with non-Italians ( Nichols Pg 5 ) . This was plenty for Luciano and he was traveling to happen a manner to acquire rid of him. Luciano and his pack of work forces were traveling to in secret fall in the other top Don, Salvatore Maranzano. This they hoped would turn the two on each other and get down a major war that would take to the violent death of both of them. It didn t happen like they thought, but it did go on. Maranzano agreed to hold a conference with Luciano. At the conference Maranzano told Lucky that he wanted him to come in with him, but under one status. That Luciano had to personally slay Masseria. This was a trap and Luciano realized this right off, it was the tradition-laden Sicilian underworld, one can non kill the leader personally and so win to his throne ; the slayer can merely anticipate a secondary function in the new hierarchy ( Gosch A ; Hammer Pg. 117 ) . Luciano told him he s brainsick and was so knocked out by a blow to the caput. He woke up in a warehouse and was being beaten badly and was told if he didn T go through with it he would decease. He was so dropped off on the side of the route to decease. Lucky came to and when he recovered formulated his programs. Lucky met Masseria for dinner at an Italian eating house about five months subsequently and toward the terminal of dinner Lucky went to the bathroom. While there four gunslinger came into the eating house and shooting Masseria to decease, this executing made Maranzano the foreman of foremans, and made Luciano following in line ( Nichols Pg.7 ) . Soon after the decease of Masseria, Maranzano had programs to acquire rid of Luciano, who he feared would be a menace. Luciano caught word of this and beat him to the occupation. Maranzano was murdered in his office by authorities agent imitators sent by Luciano ( Buchanan portion 2 ) . Lucky had reached his end, he was the Boss of Bosses.

Black or white essays

Black or white essays Back in the day there was a lot of women staying home and taking care of the children while the man went to work to support the family. That was normal back then. Now a days no on in this society can afford to have one spouse stay home or at least that is what they think. Everyone in this day and age has to have the best and biggest things, the nicest cars the nicest houses, the best clothes. This is normal spending for a middle class family in everyones eyes. But it is not normal if it was one person would be able to stay home with the children like before. See before people were not too worried about material things they were more worried about family and making it in life and having the mother stay home with the children. People now a days could do this to but they do not see it. They do not understand the concept of settling for what you can afford not what you have to struggle to get. But we are all victims of stereo types in this world. Because if you do settle for what you can afford then you could be called trailer trash or scums or any other cheap name because you do not have the best house or the best cars or even nice clothes. People make a lot of there decisions in life based upon what everyone else will think about what they have done or bought. If no one cared about what other people thought then a lot of people would probably not be in debt and would have payments monthly that they could actually afford to pay. And the mother would still be able to stay home and raise her children. I think that is how it should be instead of some stranger ...

The Primitive Hut - Laugiers Theory About Architecture

The Primitive Hut - Laugier's Theory About Architecture The Primitive Hut has become a shorthand statement of principle that defines essential elements of architecture. Often, the phrase is Laugiers Primitive Hut. Marc-Antoine Laugier (1713-1769) was a French Jesuit priest who rejected the opulence of Baroque architecture prevalent in his lifetime. He outlined his theory about what architecture should be in the 1753 Essai sur larchitecture. According to Laugier, all architecture derives from three essential elements: The columnThe entablatureThe pediment The Primitive Hut Illustrated Laugier expanded his book-length essay in a second edition published in 1755. This second edition includes the iconic frontispiece illustration by French artist Charles Eisen. In the picture, an idyllic woman (perhaps the personification of Architecture) points out a simple rustic cabin to a child (perhaps the unknowing, naive architect). The structure she points to is simplistic in design, uses basic geometric shapes, and is constructed from natural elements. Laugiers Primitive Hut is his representation of the philosophy that all architecture derives from this simple ideal. In the English translation of this 1755 edition, the frontispiece created by the British engraver Samuel Wale is slightly different from the illustration used in the well-known, celebrated French edition. The picture in the English language book is less allegorical and more clear-cut than the more romantic picture from the French edition. Both illustrations show, however, a reasoned and simplified approach to building. Charles Eisen frontispiece from Essai sur l’architecture, 2nd editionPublic domain image from DOME, digitized content from the MIT Libraries collections, dome.mit.eduSamuel Wale frontispiece from the English translationIllustration in the public domain courtesy of Open Library, openlibrary.org Full Title in English An Essay on Architecture; in which Its True Principles are explained, and Invariable Rules proposed, for Directing the Judgment and Forming the Taste of the Gentleman and the Architect, With regard to the Different Kinds of Buildings, the Embellishment of Cities, And the Planning of Gardens. The Primitive Hut Idea by Laugier Laugier theorizes that man wants nothing but shade from the sun and shelter from storms- the same requirements as a more primitive human. The man is willing to make himself an abode which covers but not buries him, Laugier writes. Pieces of wood raised perpendicularly, give us the idea of columns. The horizontal pieces that are laid upon them, afford us the idea of entablatures. Branches form an incline that can be covered with leaves and moss, so that neither the sun nor the rain can penetrate therein; and now the man is lodged. Laugier concludes that The little rustic cabin that I have just described, is the model upon which all the magnificences of architecture have been imagined. Why is Laugiers Primitive Hut Important? The essay is considered a major treatise in architectural theory. It is often cited by teachers of architecture and practicing architects even in the 21st century.Laugiers expression is pro-Greek Classicism and reacts against the Baroque ornamentation and decoration of his day. It established the argument for future architectural movements, including 18th century Neoclassicism and the 21st century trend toward unadorned, eco-friendly tiny homes and small dwellings (see Books to Help You Build a Smaller Home).The Primitive Hut idea supports a back-to-nature philosophy, a romantic idea which gained popularity in the mid-18th century and influenced literature, art, music, and architecture.Defining the essential elements of architecture is a statement of purpose, a philosophy that drives the work of an artist and practitioner. Simplicity of design and the use of natural materials, what Laugier believes are architectural essentials, are familiar ideas that have been embraced by more moder n architects, including Frank Lloyd Wright and the vision of Gustav Stickley at Craftsman Farms. Laugiers rustic cabin is sometimes call The Vitruvian Hut, because Laugier built on ideas of natural and divine proportion documented by the ancient Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius (see Geometry and Architecture). Critical Thinking The popularity of Laugiers philosophy is in part because he offers easily understood alternatives to the architecture he scorns. The clarity of his writing is such that the English architect Sir John Soane (1753-1837) is said to have given copies of Laugiers book to his new staff members. Architects of the 20th century, like Le Corbusier, and of the 21st century, including Thom Mayne, have acknowledged the influence of Laugiers ideas on their own work. You dont have to agree with Laugiers visions, but its a good idea to understand them. Ideas shape everything we create, including architecture. Everyone has a philosophy that develops over time, even if the ideas havent been written down. A useful project is to put into words the theories about architecture and design that you have developed- how should buildings be built? what should cities look like? what design elements should all architecture have?  How do you write philosophy? How do you read philosophy? The Primitive Hut and Related Books Essay on Architecture by Marc-Antoine Laugier, English translation by Wolfgang Herrmann and Anni HerrmannBuy on AmazonOn Adams House in Paradise: The Idea of the Primitive Hut in Architectural History by Joseph Rykwert, MIT Press, 1981Buy on AmazonA Hut of Ones Own: Life Outside the Circle of Architecture by Ann Cline, MIT Press, 1998Buy on Amazon Sources Quotations and frontispiece designed by Mr. Wale for English translation of Laugiers Essay on Architecture (1755) in the public domain courtesy of Open Library, openlibrary.org

Cheating Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cheating - Research Paper Example Academic integrity refers to the responsibility and honesty in academics. Tutors use assignments to help them gauge whether a student has understood a concept or not. In addition, the tutor further grades the students according to their performance. Academic misconduct refers to all dishonest and prohibited ways where a student tries to receive a higher grade in the academics (Soles 306). Misconduct leads to false misrepresentation of student knowledge and skills, and this undermines the tutors’ ability to gauge the performance of a student. Plagiarism involves the use of another person’s original words or image without giving proper credit. It involves presenting someone else’s work as if it is your own. Depending on the institutions policies and regulations, plagiarism attracts certain consequences ranging from rejection of the results or complete expulsion from the institution. Plagiarism can be either intentional due to student’s lack of knowledge on research or unintentionally due to the ignorance of the student (Ellis 259). Citation and referencing are other important rules of academic integrity. The two rules come with different styles, and they differ according to the institution. The primary used methods include the Harvard referencing system and the Vancouver referencing system. Institutions have come with their writing formats that the faculty and the students must adhere to. Some of the most popular formats include among others, American psychology association, modern learning association. The basis of all these formats is on Vancouver system or the Harvard system. Creating a climate of integrity within an institution is the most indispensable task of ensuring academic integrity. To make the task less challenging, organizations should follow the existing guidelines and policies on academic integrity (Gabriel 1). In addition, ensuring timely dissemination of information to new students and the faculty will

Leadership Capability Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership Capability - Research Paper Example These are the main areas that I need to improve on as a leader. As a leader with such weaknesses, I will ensure that the subordinates are aware of the fact that their inefficiency will not be tolerated in any way. Ways of improving this include having talks with the subordinates to explain their decisions on various issues. I will also engage the subordinates in friendly activities. However, when it comes to awarding punishments I will not be friendly or take sides. In any organization, for subordinates to follow the laid down procedures, the leader needs to be straight to the point and articulate. As the leader, I will occasionally seek assistance from other employees in areas where more assistance is required. All subordinates need to feel that their employer is friendly, but this is only to a certain extent. Therefore, I will ensure that employees are more cooperative and self-initiative (Adair, 2011). Chapter 3 shows that as a leader I am involved in working moderately with what the subordinates are doing. My strengths include being able to coordinate with the subordinates and engaging in what they are doing. As a leader, I am able to make things work and make valid decisions with the consideration of how it affects others. My weaknesses, as highlighted in the score, include not being fascinated by technical work and not being able to work with abstract ideas. These are the two main reasons why I had a low score. One of the steps that I need to take as a leader so as to improve is to adapt to technical issues. To adapt I will ensure that the issues which I do not understand are explained to me in ways that are interesting. I will also ensure that there is a competent subordinate who will be in a position to deal with such issues. In all organizations, most subordinates prefer a leader who is an all-around person. Hence, as the leader, I will ensure that they view me as a competent individual in all aspects concerning the firm. An all-around leader, in a suc cessful organization, is perceived by the subordinates as a person who can solve their problems. These are not just any problems but only those that are related to the organization. Addressing weaknesses such as these, will involve all my time and ensuring that I get all the information required when dealing with employees’ new ideas. This approach, in my opinion, is likely to solve my weakness because having all the information will assist me to have more confidence in the ideas presented by the employees. In a successful organization, when a leader makes a point of doing the research individually, his or her actions increase the level of confidence among subordinates (Godwyn and Gittell, 2011). The fact that the leader is involved in what subordinates are doing, shows that he/she is a suitable leader. Hence, to strengthen my strong characteristics, I will ensure that my subordinates view me as a leader who is concerned with their problems at work. Chapter 4 shows that as a leader I have the ability to effectively deal with group work. This is a crucial character trait of a leader in organizations where most work is done in groups. In this chapter, this is one of my key strengths. I scored highly, but there are some areas that need to be improved. One of the areas that need to be improved is my social aspect of being a leader. It is clear from the test scores that I am not in a position to solve

Free

Freedom of Speech vs. Censorship Essay Adopted in 1791, the First Amendment, states â€Å"Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.† (Pilon) The freedom of speech documented in the First Amendment is not only a constitutional protection but also an inevitable part of democratic government and independence, which are essential values in society. â€Å"Censorship,† according to Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, â€Å"is an almost irresistible impulse when you know you are right† (Sunstein). That is why the American citizen’s right to free speech should be held as the highest virtue and any censorship of freedom of speech should not be allowed, however, should be respected. Freedom of speech is essential part of democratic government because the only way truth can emerge when there is an open competition of ideas. However, there is a strong support of censorship when people start mentioning extremely offensive opinions. Should the freedom of speech be limited in this case? The answer is â€Å"No†. â€Å"If liberty means anything at all,† writes George Orwell, â€Å"it means the right to tell people what they do not want to hear.† (Cox) If we want to enjoy the freedom fully, the full protection should be given to the freedom of speech; there are no compromises about it. Freedom of speech protected by the First Amendment is not just a right, which can be declared or abolished. According to the â€Å"liberty theory,† proposed by some lega l scholars, freedom of speech is an essential part of the liberty of every person who pursues an individual self-determination and self-realization (Cox). Thus, freedom of speech is also a global right one that permits freedom of personal development and self-expression. Another theoretical ground to support the freedom of speech is called â€Å"tolerance theory.† It holds that the ability to teach and promote tolerance is one of the most important assets of freedom of speech (Cox). From this perspective, freedom of speech itself excludes any type of intolerance, which sometimes appears in a threatening form (religious intolerance, racial intolerance). The â€Å"tolerance theory† implies self-restraint, which is the only appropriate response to any ideas, even those that we may personally may dislike or hate. The â€Å"tolerance theory† provides a broader context for exercising tolerance in a conflict-ridden democratic society. Furthermore, in legal practice there are certain restrictions on freedom of speech imposed by the Supreme Court. They define a few categories of speech, which are considered not to be fully protected by the First Amendment. These categories include defamation, advocacy of imminent illegal conduct, obscenity and, fraudulent misrepresentation (Farber). However, if the speech does not fall within one of these categories, there are no grounds for the government to argue that freedom of speech should be restricted because of its harmful content. One of the common bases for partial censorship is proof that the freedom of speech causes imminent illegal action. The Supreme Court has already drawn a careful line between general abstract theories and political dissent on one hand and particular illegal acts incitement on the other. This line is drawn by definition of â€Å"clear and present danger† test (Farber). The government cannot sue the speaker on the basis of its tendency or possibly illegal conduct incitement. Before any speech is punished on the grounds of incitement, there is an obligatory three-part criterion that should be met. First, the speech must directly incite lawless action. Second, the context of speech must imply imminent breaking of the law, rather than call for illegal conduct at some indefinite future time. At last, there should be a strong intention to produce such conduct (Farber). Such â€Å"clear and present danger† test determines the level of probability of threat imposed by the speech in question. However, the evil, which the government tries to prevent by outlawing the advocacy, does not outweigh the harm of outlawing the free speech. Only when the imposed danger becomes evident, the freedom of speech may be questioned. We must be aware that the price for preventing several cases of the openly declared illegal conduct may be paid by restriction of one of the most essential rights that constitute freedom for the entire nation. For the wellbeing and public safety, the Supreme Court has imposed certain regulations on the freedom of speech not because of its content, but because of the time, place and, manner the speech is being expressed (Farber). The court pointed out in Snyder v. Phelps (2011) that one way to ascertain whether a restriction is content-based versus content-neutral is to consider if the speaker had deliver a different message under exactly the same circumstances (Supreme Court of the United States). However, these rules do not limit the actual freedom of speech and are not even upheld, if there is no public need for this. However, concerning the content-neutral regulation, it raises many controversial issues. The content-neutral regulation requires a very careful distinction and therefore may sometimes be misinterpreted. There is a raising concern that such regulation may weaken people’s right to participate, especially if the government puts too many restrictions on how the ideas should be voiced. Thus, by analyzing the current issues concerning the First Amendment right to free speech in the United States, I wanted to show the perspective of outlawing this right, and the negative aspects t hat such outlawing may involve. Freedom of speech has served a crucial role for the right to dissent and for the entire principle of democracy in our society. This law was developed during the course of American history and only after numerous struggles it was achieved. The evolution of this law is still in progress however, the limitation of the basic right to free speech may as well limit our freedom and democracy, therefore should be respected and protected. Works Cited Cox, A. A Freedom of Expression. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1981. Print. The Declaration fo Independence and the Consitituion fo the United States. The Declaration fo Independence and the Consitituion fo the United States. By Roger Pilon. N.p.: Cato Institute, 2000. 1-10. Print. Farber, D. The First Amendment. New York: Foundation Press, 1998. Print. Sunstein, C. Democracy and the Prolem of Free Speech. New York: Free Press, 1993. Print. United States v. Kozminski 487 U.S. 931 (1988). U.S. Supreme Court, n.d. Web. 1 Apr. 2013. http://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/487/931/. United States. Supreme Court. Supreme Court of the United States of America. Supreme Court of the United States of America, Oct. 2010. Web. 1 May 2013. http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/10pdf/09-751.pdf.

Essay --

Ronald Perkins Julialicia Case 12/8/2013 Troubles of Social Media In today’s society the youth of the world are almost fully dependent on technology and social media. They are participants of these websites without thinking about or being aware of the consequences of their constant abuse. These social sites are made to keep everyone in the world connected with each other. They were made to make news and the information of today accessible and relative to everyone. These good and honest intentions have been transformed into so much more. These websites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and the infamous Youtube are now used as a way to avoid or emphasize the troubles and problems of people’s everyday lives. A way for people to encourage and reinforce the stereotypes, trends, and other irrelevant and negative influences placed on society by pop culture. Everyone constantly points out the positive effects of these social medias without making notice of the many health problems they lead to in today’s youth. There are too many users and supporters of these social medias that do not understand some of the problems that are caused to by them. Social media can cause disorders like insomnia at a more advanced stage. Think of all your friends or even most of the youth as an example. Almost everyone uses social media all through the day and night and we can all agree on hearing or seeing someone make a post and comments well into the night on either Facebook or Instagram on several occasions. While there are some who love their sleep most of today’s youth spend their nights on social media. Studies have shown that there is a clear connection that the overuse of social media will lead to results in things like leaving comments, twe... ... some its many flaws such as ruining and preventing meaningful and face-to-face verbal and nonverbal connections. People tend to overuse and overdo the things that world has to offer that gives them the most joy or comfort. When people do this they take something that is wonderful and extraordinary and make them simplistic and harmful. I’m not saying a person shouldn’t use these social media in fear of obtaining a mental illness but to use them in moderation. To create a stable and balanced portion of time for the virtual world of wonder and limitless potential and the real world full of excitement and mystery. Isabella Mori, I. (2010, July 06). Social media and mental health. Retrieved from http://brainblogger.com/2010/07/06/social-media-and-mental-health/ Merriam-Webster.com. Depression.(n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/depression Essay -- Ronald Perkins Julialicia Case 12/8/2013 Troubles of Social Media In today’s society the youth of the world are almost fully dependent on technology and social media. They are participants of these websites without thinking about or being aware of the consequences of their constant abuse. These social sites are made to keep everyone in the world connected with each other. They were made to make news and the information of today accessible and relative to everyone. These good and honest intentions have been transformed into so much more. These websites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and the infamous Youtube are now used as a way to avoid or emphasize the troubles and problems of people’s everyday lives. A way for people to encourage and reinforce the stereotypes, trends, and other irrelevant and negative influences placed on society by pop culture. Everyone constantly points out the positive effects of these social medias without making notice of the many health problems they lead to in today’s youth. There are too many users and supporters of these social medias that do not understand some of the problems that are caused to by them. Social media can cause disorders like insomnia at a more advanced stage. Think of all your friends or even most of the youth as an example. Almost everyone uses social media all through the day and night and we can all agree on hearing or seeing someone make a post and comments well into the night on either Facebook or Instagram on several occasions. While there are some who love their sleep most of today’s youth spend their nights on social media. Studies have shown that there is a clear connection that the overuse of social media will lead to results in things like leaving comments, twe... ... some its many flaws such as ruining and preventing meaningful and face-to-face verbal and nonverbal connections. People tend to overuse and overdo the things that world has to offer that gives them the most joy or comfort. When people do this they take something that is wonderful and extraordinary and make them simplistic and harmful. I’m not saying a person shouldn’t use these social media in fear of obtaining a mental illness but to use them in moderation. To create a stable and balanced portion of time for the virtual world of wonder and limitless potential and the real world full of excitement and mystery. Isabella Mori, I. (2010, July 06). Social media and mental health. Retrieved from http://brainblogger.com/2010/07/06/social-media-and-mental-health/ Merriam-Webster.com. Depression.(n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/depression

The Importance of Good Writing Skills for Prospective University Students

Introduction In the age of technology, most students are absorbed in using electronic sources to either read or listen to academic information and usually attempt to memorize facts as far as possible. While electronic devices such as Android phones, iPads, Kindles, and other devices provide students with an amalgamation of information at their fingertips and students are very well informed regarding what is happening in the world and how various things work, they often lack the ability to form and express their opinions in their own words. This skill is often seen non-existent amongst prospective university students, who possess a great degree of knowledge regarding numerous topics, but struggle when they are required to write their personal statements to when they are required to write their dissertations in their final years. It is important for prospective university students to recognize the importance of good writing skills in order to help them get through their university years. The issues of plagiarism, use of vocabulary, and proper structuring must be addressed adequately in order to help prospective university students achieve good grades. The following tips may help university students improve their writing skills: Adopting the habit of reading: Listening to music, playing sports, and hanging out with friends are common activities found in young adults nowadays. However, a study found that approximately 21% of university-aged students said that they enjoyed reading while the majority of students did not express this interest (CollegeXpress, 2013). However, this hobby is highly important for students in order to help them improve their structuring, their ability of expression, and their vocabulary skills. Writing a diary or a blog: While diaries may be slightly out-dated, students can create a blog on a topic of interest which will help them regularly post their thoughts, feelings, and opinions regarding various topics. This will help enhance their creativity, expressive abilities, and enable them to generally enhance their writing skills to capture the interest of readers. Becoming a freelance writer: While prospective university students search for various part-time jobs, it may be beneficial for them to look for jobs as freelance writers. Indulging in activities such as writing advertising and marketing messages, writing emails, and other small tasks to earn a small income may pay a long way in their future. Avoid using slang when chatting, writing emails, or in any other form of communication: Using slang impairs a person’s spelling and vocabulary skills and may often hinder a person’s ability to write properly structured sentences. Hence, avoiding the use of such language can help a student write more appropriately in the future. Having good writing skills can help prospective students in their university years and can also pay a long way when looking for prospective careers. Most employers are looking for candidates with a good level of expression, excellent writing skills, and a high level of creativity. Research has found that individuals with good writing skills score 80% higher than those who do not possess such skills in university and tend to find jobs 30% quicker than others (Aims Community College, 2013). References Aims Community College. (2013) Online Writing Lab. [online] Accessed on: November 10, 2013 Available at: http://www.aims.edu/student/online-writing-lab/overview/why CollegeXpress. (2013) â€Å"Cultivating Exceptional Writing Skills for Success and Beyond†. Accessed on November 11, 2013 Available at: http://www.collegexpress.com/articles-and-advice/majors-and-academics/articles/college-academics/cultivating-exceptional-writing-skills-success-college-and-beyond/

Challenges of the Lgbt Population on College Campuses

Challenges of the LGBT Population on College Campuses A review of the Literature Challenges of the LGBT population on College Campuses A Review of the Literature The need for institutions of higher education to stay relevant dictates that change is necessary. For most, it will require a concerted effort to embrace diversity. Racial and ethnic diversity have historically been the most widely addressed dimensions of diversity. However, as institutions continue to advance their efforts, they create a more welcoming campus climate for all individuals and groups.A current focus of diversity efforts includes the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) population. This review will look at the issues and challenges of the LGBT population on college campuses; mainly covering the need to ease the levels violence and harassment on campuses and the desire for inclusion and social justice, and suggesting strategies to address these issues. Due to the nature of the coming out process, there are fundamental challenges to learning the experiences of the LGBT population.The labels lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender as sexual identity labels present particular problems: A student may be able to articulate feelings of attraction to the same-sex, though are reluctant to adopt the label of lesbian, gay and/or bisexual (Rankin 2003). The challenges that the LGBT population face are neither new nor surprising but the need to address them is certainly relevant (Thiel, 2010). In fact, it appears that for as much progress that has been made on some campuses, there has been no progress on others.The presence of violence and harassment, as well as the desire for inclusion and justice, indicates the need for attention and research as a chilly campus climate can make for a distressing experience for LGBT students, faculty, and staff. As might be expected, LGBT students’ perceptions of the campus climate and their experiences differ from those of other members of the campus community (Rankin, 2003; Liang & Alimo, 2005). Some LGBT students feel that they are treated different because of their sexual orientation or gender identity.They have difficulty achieving their full academic potential and trouble fully participating in the campus community (Rankin, 2003; Brown, Clarke, Gortmaker, & Robinson-Keilig, 2004). In a study by Liang & Alimo (2005), students shared that they had been discriminated against, physically assaulted and harassed in residence halls, and marginalized in their classes. Physical and verbal anti-gay and lesbian harassment has been documented on all campuses where research on the LGBT population has been conducted, and these behaviors seem to be on the rise nationwide (National Lesbian and Gay Task Force, n. . ). This homonegativity affects LGBT individuals’ physical as well as psychological health (Liang & Alimo, 2005). The LGBT campus experience is at best benign and at worst hostile (Rankin, 2003). Among these challenges, Ran kin (2003) states are mental health issues, discrimination, relationship issues, and harassment/abuse. Likewise, LGBT faculty, staff, and administrators may suffer because of the same prejudices, limiting their ability to achieve their career goals and to mentor or support students.Because the LGBT population is an invisible minority, LGBT individuals may experience anxiety about who knows their sexual orientation or gender identity and who they can safely share that information with (Rankin, 2003). In addition, individuals who identify as LGBT are often at higher risk for substance abuse and suicide because of these issues and the lack of a positive support system. LGBT individuals do not share the same protections as other minorities groups in the United States.While it is no longer legal to discriminate based on race, skin color, ethnicity, disability, age, sex, or veteran’s status, it is still legal to discriminate based on sexual orientation or gender identity. Relations hips may also suffer. A LGBT’s social network may ebb and flow drastically as they come out to individuals they consider â€Å"friends. † LGBT individuals may lose some friends and gain others as they come out. This could drastically change their social network.Similarly, LGBT individuals often face rejection from their families. This can manifest as a loss of financial assistance, being â€Å"kicked-out† of the home, or being completely cutting off from all communication and ties to their families. Harassment and abuse can also be a problem. LGBT individuals may face harassment in many different forms. LGBT individuals may encounter increased negative attitudes, jokes, verbal taunting, or bullying because of their sexual orientation or gender identity (National Lesbian and Gay Task Force, n. d. ).In addition, LGBT individuals may be intimidated or blackmailed by others who threaten to â€Å"out† them if they do not do something. This population may also be targets of violence. They could be targeted because they may be seen as â€Å"weaker† or less likely to either fight back or report the crime/incident (Thiel & Diehl, 2010; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, n. d. ). LGBT individuals are less likely to report these incidents because they do not want to disclose their sexual orientation or gender identity to authorities for fear of further repercussions from colleagues, friends, or family.Research shows that involvement in college life positively affects the LGBT experience (Rankin 2003). In addition, there are indications that the campus climate affects students’ social and emotional development, as well as their academic performance (National Lesbian and Gay Task Force, n. d. ). It also appears that there is much more in the way of student support on college campuses than there is faculty support. It is no surprise then, that the student experiences are somewhat better while the faculty experiences a chillie r climate (Brown et al. 2004). These findings suggest that an effective strategy for improving the campus climate for LGBT students needs to include system-wide efforts and involves promoting the acknowledgement, acceptance, and affirmation of all people. Campus diversity leaders and student affairs professionals will likely to be the most receptive, while some faculty and administrators will be more supportive than others will be (Brown et al. , 2004).Other recommendations to improve the campus climate for LGBT students include recruiting and retaining LGBT faculty, staff, and students, demonstrating institutional commitment to LGBT issues and concerns, integrating LGBT issues and concerns into the curriculum, providing educational programming on LGBT issues, and creating safe spaces for dialogue and interaction (Rankin, 2003; Liang & Alimo, 2005; University of Wisconsin Madison, 2008).Incorporating sexual orientation and gender identity topics into student, parent, faculty, and st aff orientation courses is important, as is informing parents of LGBT students about resources and services available on campus for their child (Angeli, 2009). Freshmen seminars and other first-year courses could be important venues for discussions of LGBT-related topics. Residence hall assistants (RAs) are also an important target group for training, as RAs are often a first esource for LGBT students dealing with coming out issues (Brown et al. , 2004). Other recommendations for improving student recruitment are as follows: Improve accessibility to LGBT information on college web sites (create one if there is not), attend national LGBT recruitment fairs, and work with the LGBT Campus Center to create a recruiting pamphlet on LGBT life on campus. For campuses without an LGBT Campus Center, the school should work to create one.LGBT Centers exist to reduce violence and harassment, and aid in the effort to promote inclusion and social justice (University of Wisconsin Madison, 2008). To ensure fair and equal treatment in the classroom, the main priority for faculty is to involve the students in the process of teaching/learning. With the many races, cultures, and groups that make up classes, having a continually engaged classroom is a challenging proposition at best and no one wants to feel marginalized.Additionally, when discussing current events, include LGBT issues as one of the topics, and be very clear with your students that homophobic and heterosexist comments and actions are not acceptable (Lock Haven University, 2000). Another initiative that could help support the LGBT student population while at the same time demonstrate institutional commitment to would to create â€Å"safe spaces† or â€Å"safe zones† where faculty/staff/students can choose to make their office or department a place for mentoring, peer counseling, dialogue, and interaction with LGBT students, faculty, and staff (Angeli, 2009).Faculty/staff leaders should work closely with campus diversity leaders (and the LGBT Campus Organization, if there is one) to ensure the inclusion of LGBT faculty and staff in the campus’ various recruitment efforts and to provide programs and services important to LGBT faculty and staff retention. This would include working to achieve domestic partner benefits for LGBT and other unmarried campus faculty and staff, and the creation and funding of an LGBT faculty/staff mentoring program (University of Wisconsin Madison, 2008).Such initiatives should be the combined efforts of administrative, faculty and staff representatives (University of Wisconsin Madison, 2008). Encouraging openly LGBT students, faculty, and staff to join and lead university committees and organizations without fear of repercussion is also a step in the right direction (Angeli, 2009). Campus administrators should enforce local anti-discrimination laws and policies on campus, ban discrimination in instructional materials and textbooks, and encourage th e use of materials that reflect gender diversity.Angeli (2009) reported that not all campuses have established such inclusive policies, and this leaves LGBT students without many options for repercussion when they experience discrimination. For example, hateful graffiti on campus should be removed quickly and those who did it punished appropriately. Sexual orientation and gender identity could be considered its own demographic and colleges should collect and report LGBT data in the same manner as gender, race, ethnicity, and disability data (Angeli, 2009).As more surveys and forms include questions on sexual orientation and gender identity, and, as campuses provide assurance that students’ privacy will be protected, it is likely that data that are more complete will become available. In other words, as the climate becomes â€Å"less chilly,† more students, faculty, and staff will feel more welcomed and, thus, more likely to share more about themselves (Angeli, 2009). P ositive attitudes of heterosexual peers can help to provide a campus climate that is welcoming and more supportive of the LGBT population, which may facilitate the development of a positive identity (Liang & Alimo, 2005).Heterosexuals have a large role in perpetuating this climate, as they have been the source for much of the homonegative behavior (Liang & Alimo, 2005). If the campus promotes itself an advocate for justice, it is not enough just to change a policy or to use ‘buzzwords;’ a new culture/atmosphere has to be created. Implementing such a campus-wide approach will necessitate support from top campus administrators (Rankin, 2003; Tierney, 1992).In addition, just because an anti-discrimination statement has been updated to include sexual orientation & gender identity, this does not mean inclusion, or even a consistent welcoming climate (University of Wisconsin Madison, 2008). Not seeing any progress in any of the areas discussed above is an indication that the campus has not yet integrated LGBT issues into the university’s understanding of its responsibilities to create a diverse and inclusive climate (Lock Haven University, 2000; University of Wisconsin Madison, 2008).The right thing to do is to create a more welcoming campus climate for all individuals and groups by reducing violence and harassment, and advancing social justice and inclusion efforts. All groups deserve this consideration because they matter. References Angeli, M. California Postsecondary Commission at its meeting on June 9, 2009. Access and equity for all students: Meeting the needs of LGBT students. Retrieved online on March 24, 2010 from http://www. cpec. ca. gov /completereports/2009reports/09-14. pdf Brown, R. D. , Clarke, B. Gortmaker, V. , & Robinson-Keilig, R. (2004). Assessing the campus climate for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) students using a multiple perspectives approach. Journal of College Student Development, 45(1), 8-26. Liang, C. T. H. & Alimo, C. (2005). The impact of white heterosexual students’ interactions on attitudes toward lesbian, gay and bisexual people: A longitudinal study. Journal of College Student Development, 46(3), 237-250. Lock Haven University Safe Zone. (n. d. ). Originally written by Troy Gilbert of StanfordUniversity, then modified by Martha Ann Spruill (Jan 14, 2000), then modified again for the LHU community. Retrieved online on March 24, 2010 from http://www. lhup. edu/safezone/support. html National Lesbian and Gay Task Force. (n. d. ). Retrieved March 23, 2010 from www. thetaskforce. org /issues/hate_crimes_main_page/overview. Rankin, S. R. (2003). Campus climate for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people: A national perspective. New York: The National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Policy Institute. www. ngltf. org Thiel, M. J. , & Diehl, S. (2010).Campus gay and lesbian issues in the new millennium. Retrieved on 3/20/2010 from http://www. gvsu. edu/allies/index. cfm ? id=80B3F0D0-A5DC-ECEE-44313D44883F471B University of North Carolina Chapel Hill. (n. d. ). Issues/concerns for the LGBTQ Population. Retrieved March 23, 2010 from http://safezone. uncc. edu/allies /ally-manual/issues. University of Wisconsin Madison Faculty Document 2056. (2008). Report of the committee on gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender issues. Retrieved onlineMarch 23, 2010 from http://acstaff. wisc. edu/FacDoc2056LGBT-AR07. pdf

Demographic Effects of the Columbian Exchange Essay Example

Demographic Effects of the Columbian Exchange Essay Example Demographic Effects of the Columbian Exchange Paper Demographic Effects of the Columbian Exchange Paper Comparative Essay The Columbian exchange affected many regions all over the world. The Americas and Europe were similar in their changing population densities caused by diseases and goods. Also Europe and the Americas both benefited from the exchange of foreign crops and livestock across the Triangle trade routes. However, Europe and the Americas were different in their migration of peoples. The effects of the Columbian Exchange was similar in Europe and the Americas because of their changing population growth and the diffusion of goods to each country but differed in their expansion of territory. The Americas and Europe were similar because both of their population densities changed due to diseases and goods. When Europeans first came to the Americas in search of a fresh start they inadvertently brought with them many diseases that killed off most of the Native Americans such as measles, smallpox, whooping cough, chicken pox, and influenza. The introduction of cattle from Europe brought most of these diseases. The reason for this is because Native Americans had never been around cattle before so they couldnt have developed immunity to them. As a whole diseases from Europe wiped out close to 90% of the population of the New world. While for the Europeans population was increasing because of all the goods that were being imported from the Americas like peppers, tomatoes, and tobacco. The Native Americans also gave to the Europeans, venereal disease also known as syphilis. It was first identified by physicians in 1493, in Cadiz, Spain, the port which Columbus returned to after his first voyage. The reason for the incline and decline of population in both the Americas and Europe was due to the introduction of new diseases. Since the pipeline between Europe and the Americas made by Columbuss voyages to the new world had been opened it was asier to spread unfamiliar diseases between populations that hadnt developed Europe and the Americas were similar because of their exchange of immunity. foreign crops and livestock. The Columbian Exchange brought upon the diffusion of goods from both the Americas and Europe such as tobacco, pepper, and tomato from the Americas and wheat, horses, and goats form Europe. The most important good that was exchanged was cattle and horses from Europe. The introduction of horses to Native Americans changed their life in both good and bad ways. The reason for this is because horses made farming more efficient. Horses could pull plows that were too heavy for the Natives. Horses also gave the Native Americans advantages in war by providing them a height advantage over their enemies. However, horses also brought many diseases that killed off most of the Natives. Tobacco is a great example People began smoking and chewing tobacco when it was first brought back to Europe which created a whole new industry revolving around cigarettes, cigars, and chewing tobacco. Plants and animals like these and many more helped revolutionize the old worlds way of life. One way Europe and the Americas differed was through their expansion of territory. The discovery of the New world attracted many people in search of goods such as gold and silver or new ways to get to Asia. Many nations were sending explorers and colonists to the New world including France, England and Spain. Europe started to increase in territorial expansion due to the enhancement of technology improvement, weapon mastery, and rank of power. As their worldly, status began to change there was a rapid increase of explorations and increase in expansion. This was due to improvements of technology and building structure of boats. Slaves were also transported to the New world from Africa. The journey from Africa to the Americas is called the Middle Passage. Captive slaves were dragged in chains to board commercial ships. Death was caused by starvation, disease, unsanitary conditions or severe ocean weather. The reason for Europes expansion of territory was caused by new opportunities for land and products in the New world. The hope of finding gold in the Americas drove the greedy Europeans to migrate there. The Natives had no reason to travel to Europe because they had no need for power and wealth unlike the Europeans who eventually ended up destroying the Natives way of life.

Objects in English Grammar

Objects in English Grammar In English grammar, an object is a  noun, a noun phrase, or a pronoun that is affected by the action of a verb. Objects give our language detail and texture by allowing the creation of complex sentences.  Prepositions also have objects. Types of Objects Objects can function three ways within a sentence. The first two are  easy to spot because they follow the verb: Direct objects  are the results of action. A subject does something, and the product is the object itself. For example, consider this sentence: Marie wrote a poem. In this case, the  noun poem follows the transitive verb wrote and completes the meaning of the sentence.Indirect objects  receive or respond to the outcome of an action. Consider this example: Marie sent me an email. The pronoun me  comes after the verb sent and before the noun email, which is the direct object in this sentence. The indirect object always goes before the direct object.Objects of a preposition  are nouns and pronouns in a phrase that modifies the meaning of a verb. For instance:  Marie lives in a dorm. In this sentence, the noun dorm follows the preposition in. Together, they form a prepositional phrase. Objects can function in active and passive voice. A noun that serves as a direct object in the active voice becomes the subject when the sentence is rewritten in the passive  voice. For example: Active: Bob purchased a new grill.Passive: A new grill was purchased by Bob. This characteristic, called passivization, is what makes objects unique. Not sure if a word is an object? Try converting it from active to passive voice; if you can, the word is an object. Direct Objects Direct objects identify what or who receives the action of a transitive verb in a clause or sentence.  When pronouns function as direct objects, they customarily take the form of the objective case (me, us, him, her, them, whom, and whomever). Consider the following sentences, taken from Charlottes Web, by E.B. White: She closed the  carton  carefully. First she kissed her  father, then she kissed her  mother. Then she opened the  lid  again, lifted the  pig  out, and held  it  against her  cheek. Theres only one subject in this passage, yet there are six direct objects (carton, father, mother, lid, pig, it), five nouns and a pronoun. Gerunds (verbs ending in ing that act as nouns) sometimes also serve as direct objects. For example: Jim enjoys gardening on the weekends.   My mother included reading and baking in her list of hobbies. Indirect Objects Nouns and pronouns also function as indirect objects. These objects are the beneficiaries or recipients of the action in a sentence. Indirect objects answer the questions to/for whom and to/for what.  For example: My aunt opened her purse and gave the man a quarter. It was his birthday so Mom had  baked Bob  a  chocolate cake. In the first example, the man is given a coin. The quarter is a direct object and it benefits the man, an indirect object. In the second example, the cake is the direct object and it benefits Bob, the indirect object. Prepositions and Verbs Objects that pair with prepositions function differently from direct and indirect objects, which follow verbs. These nouns and verbs reference a preposition and modify the action of the larger sentence. For example: Girls are playing basketball around a utility  pole  with a metal hoop bolted to  it. He sat in the basement of the building, among the boxes, reading a book on his break.   In the first example, the prepositional objects are pole and hoop. in the second example, the prepositional objects are basement, building, boxes, and break. Like direct objects, prepositional  objects receive the action of the subject in the sentences yet need a preposition for the sentence to make sense. Spotting prepositions is important because if you use the wrong one, it can confuse readers. Consider how odd the second sentence would sound if it began, He sat on the basement...   Transitive verbs also require an object for them to make sense. There are three kinds of transitive verbs. Monotransitive verbs have a direct object, whereas ditransitive verbs have a direct object and an indirect object. Complex-transitive verbs have a direct object and an object attribute. For example: Monotransitive: Bob bought a car. (The direct object is car.)Ditransitive: Bob gave me the keys to his new car. (The indirect object is me; the direct object is keys.)Complex-transitive: I heard  him shouting. (The direct object is him; the object attribute is shouting.) Intransitive verbs, on the other hand, do not need an object in order to complete their meaning. Sources Woods, Geraldine. Using Pronouns as Direct and Indirect Objects. Dummies.com. Staff editors. Pronoun Case. Cliffsnotes.com. Staff editors. Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns. University of Wisconsin-Madison.

In Support of Designer Babies in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

In Support of Designer Babies in China - Essay Example This instance involved a shift in population policy away from Leninist family planning policy to softer neo-liberal methods, which involved indirect regulation by the state and self-regulation by citizens. Starting in 1956, the Ministry of Public Health oversaw a yearlong campaign for the use of birth control. However, these efforts portended minimal effects on fertility rates and the period following Great Leap Years saw a rapid population increase (Hesketh 12), which eventually necessitated the One Child Policy as a way to counter population growth. However, this policy has led ethical and moral dilemmas concerning gender and physical selection by parents who only have one try at parenthood. Out of the remaining alternatives for the Chinese government, genetic selection is the best choice to reduce control population, while solving the problem of sex-selection abortion and inherited diseases.One of the most visible effects of China’s One Child Policy is that parents have tur ned to sex-selected abortions in their search for boys, rather than girls. Various surveys carried out within China paint a grim situation with 117 boys born to every 100 girls because of sex selection abortions (Hesketh 62), while normal births resulted in a ratio of 105:100. Other surveys have found that Chinese women who migrated to Beijing in the last two decades arrived with only one hundred girls compared to one hundred and fifty nine boys. This shows that males are favored to girls in China, which has resulted in an increase of sex-selected abortions. However, by using genetic selection, parents would have the ability to choose the sex of their children prior to conception. This would result in a decrease of women influenced by the One Child policy to seek abortions and try again for a boy (Hesketh 63). Although this would not address the looming gender-imbalance in China, it will present women with a more harmless tool in determining the sex of their child. Genetic selection can also allow Chinese parents to have their only child with the characteristics they desire, which would reduce China’s growing population. With the largest growing population in the world, the government of China tried to institute regulations that sought to prevent further growth, causing controversy and general discontent about the laws (Orleans 44). The government and population would benefit from genetic selection in various ways with the government reducing population growth and the parents having their characteristic children. Parents who wish for children with specific heights, skill sets, athletic ability, and personal tendencies would be free to use genetic selection, rather than aborting their infants. Projection of the human genome could provide China and its people the ability to predict their future in terms of population growth and make-up (Orleans 45). Genetic selection will allow for screening out and in specific genes within the mother’s embryo, mak ing it possible to influence the natural characteristics of a child. Finally, gene selection could help China in reducing the number of unhealthy or disabled children. A recent study showed that there was minimal protest at the decision made, in the mid-2000s, to allow couples to test embryos for breast cancer genes and inherited bowel disease, which pushed humanity towards the creation of designer babies with healthy genes (Savulescu 39). Genetic selection will prevent the only child a family in China is allowed to have from having inherited disease. Some of the most common diseases among Chinese children are Down’s syndrome and cystic fibrosis and with genetic selection,

Irish Literature in English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Irish Literature in English - Essay Example To what extent those pendulum movements characterize Irish literary identity With the rise of nationalism in Europe, the Irish nation sought to re-discover its own distinct culture, which had progressively been erased by the English hegemony over the Irish territory. While successive British governments had ignored Irish culture and language, the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922 allowed new possibilities for the nation to re-discover its forgotten cultural roots. To claim itself a nation-state, Ireland needed to find itself a true national identity (see B. Anderson 2000). As a consequence, national heroes (like Parnell), icons, symbols and traditions embodying national ideals, and the promotion of Irish past history and language, became new standards for self-definition of the nation. Literature obviously had to play an important role in the promotion of this new Irish national identity. The Irish Literary Revival, founded by William Butler Yeats, sought into Irish myths and folklore to discover or re-invent the true roots of Irish identity and get rid of colonialist stereotypes. This created a new Irish literature, developing along nostalgic visions of old rural Ireland (before industrialization) and adapting oral folklore to written narration. However, most poems and plays by Yeats were written in English, revealing a true miscegenation of cultures within the texts. Whereas Yeats' works reworked Irish myths and folklore, the strong influence of Percy Bysshe Shelley unveiled an English "shadow" on his texts. Yeats and the movement that he founded showed a strong will to take distance from the English culture, yet this defiance only proved that the English culture served as a landmark for the creation of an Irish national culture and literary tradition, hence showing that the English influence could never be totally erased. Minority voices versus Irish national literary conventions. Irish nationalists' striving for the recognition of Irish traditions indirectly conveyed a political message (to claim independence), so as to invent an intrinsic antithesis, the concept of "un-Irishness". Ignoring the new Irish national conventions, led by the Celtic Revival, came to be considered as an act of defiance against national standards, and authors who chose to criticize the national narrow conception of "Irishness" indirectly accepted (or sought) an ideological exile from the mainstream. Irish authors who showed a tough scepticism vis--vis new national standards, like James Joyce or Samuel Beckett, were in fact adopting an escape distance from the turbulent issues during the modern era. Writers chose a more peaceful way to deal with the Irish identity, through writing. They considered that re-inventing national traditions had paradoxically erased the liberty that Irish people were so much seeking on their

Why did the U.S. government target Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 Research Paper

Why did the U.S. government target Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 - Research Paper Example Why did the United States choose to bomb Japan, and what factors led to the targeting of these particular cities, and the consequential high loss of human life? One argument for this use of deadly force is that the United States wanted to end the war with Japan quickly, before the planned invasion which was to occur a few months later. The bombs acted as a show of strength, as well as devastating the resources of the cities that were targeting and dealing a severe blow to the morale of the Japanese people. Understanding the factors that influenced the nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki is important, as the world is currently in a nuclear age, where many countries have nuclear capability but other countries do not. Additionally, understanding the behavior of the United States, and what influenced the decisions that occurred during this period is crucial, as the United States currently exists as the primary world superpower. This essay discusses the factors that drove the United States to use nuclear weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, with the focus that these attacks were focused on the nuclear weapons in Japan, rather than the citizens. How are nuclear weapons currently perceived? Nuclear weapons are extremely powerful, and have the ability to decimate cities, destroying buildings and killing people with no prior warning and no method of defense (Krieger 2003, 3) The devastation that occurred from Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Bergers Disease: IgA Nephropathy

Bergers Disease: IgA Nephropathy Sarah A. Poorman IgA nephropathy, or Bergers disease, is one of the most prevalent, primary, and chronic glomerular disease and an imperative cause of renal failure (Mayo Clinic, 2017). IgAN is one of the most common renal diseases present in todays world. It can occur at any age, perceiving first evidence of renal disease when people are in their teens to late 30s (Wyatt and Julian, 2013). It is twice more likely to appear in men than women, being the most common amongst Asian and Caucasian populations (Wyatt and Julian, 2013). Early stages of Bergers Disease may not have symptoms. It can be silent for years, sometimes even decades before a single symptom shows. The most common symptom witnessed is hematuria, or bloody urine (NIDDK, 2015). This is a definite sign of a damaged glomeruli. Usually, the tint of urine will become a hue of pink or resemble the color of tea or cola (National Kidney Foundation, 2016). Another common symptom to arise is albuminuria. This is when urine contains an overabundance or albumin. Albumin is a protein, typically found in the blood, which maintains fluid balance throughout the human body (Nephcure, 2016). Blood loses its capacity to absorb fluid from the body once albumin leaks into the urine. Due to the lost blood supply, low blood albumin levels will occur. Too much fluid will let to edema, or swelling, of various body parts. The most common body parts to experience edema are the legs, feet, and ankles, leaving the face and hands to be the least commonly affected (NIDDK, 2015). Foamy urine is a signal of albuminuria. The least common symptoms associated with IgAN are high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels (NIDDK, 2015). Glomerulus is a system of capillaries situated at the beginning of a nephron in the kidney (Wyatt and Julian, 2013). Its focal objective is to assist as the first phase of the filtration process of the blood, which is carried out by the nephron in the creation of urine (Mayo Clinic, 2017). IgA nephropathy, or IgAN, is considered an autoimmune disease that affects the glomeruli of the kidneys. Glomeruli are tiny filtering units where the blood is cleared. As the IgA deposits build up in the glomeruli, it causes the kidneys to leak blood and protein into the urine. Human IgA antibodies have two subclasses, IgA1 and IgA2, while IgA1 constitutes 85% of the total IgA in the circulation, starting in the bone marrow (Wyatt and Julian, 2013). Predominantly, these deposits consist of IgA, but they can also exhibit IgG and IgM antibodies by themselves or combined. As the IgA deposits build up in the glomeruli, it causes the kidneys to leak blood and protein into the urine. IgA in the glomerular deposits are exclusively of the IgA1 subclass and are in the polymeric form (Wyatt and Julian, 2013). IgA1 exhibits galactose deficiency in the O-linked glycans in the hinge region of the heavy chain (Suzuki et al, 2011). Going all the way back to basic chemistry, galactose, or Gal, is a monosaccharide sugar that is composed of the same element as glucose, but has a different arrangement of atoms (Maillard et al, 2015). The Fc receptor will blind the GD-IgA1 to create immune complexes that leads to the complement activation. The transcription of IgG and IgM trigger the pathways of complement activation, containing immune complexes (Maillard et al, 2015). Eventually, over time, the massive discharge of ctyokines, components of the ext racellular matrix, and oxidants that disrupt the function of the glomerular basement membrane will induce apoptosis (the product of TGF-B and IL-6) and glomerular scarring (Maillard et al, 2015). This creates the destruction of the kidneys which leads to the major development of end-stage renal disease. To put it simply, T cell-dependent activation of B Cells is initiated by APCs, which processes the antigen, and creates peptides to present, in MHC 11, to CD4+ T cells. This results in the production of T Helper cells. With the interaction of B and T cells, the expression of CD40L, a protein apart of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) family, begins. Isotype switching of naà ¯ve B cells towards IgA1 and IgA2 producing plasma cells takes place. The B cells carry the antigens to the surface of the cell by Ig expression. They present this to MHC II, which aids in the recruitment of T cells. With the expression of CD40L and cytokines and signals from APCs will begin the regulation of production for IgA the IgA immunoglobulin will typically bind oneself to an antigen or infection found in the body. This will result in the activation of an immune response, which will find a way to rid the body of the infection. People with IgAN have an augmented blood result of IgA that signifies less galactose than what is considered normal. This galactose-deficient IgA, or GD-IgA1, in the blood, is recognized as foreign by the other antibodies circulating the blood. But, when an individual has IgAN, a flawed arrangement of IgA antibodies attach their selves to another IgA antibody, as an alternative of an infection or antigen, resulting in the creation of immune complexes. These immune complexes turn out to be jammed in the kidneys glomeruli, causing damage to the filters. Inflammation takes place, which causes blood and proteins to leak out of the kidneys and into the urine. Eventually, this will lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and total kidney failure, resulting in death or the dire need of a kidney transplantation. Currently, there is no known cure for IgA nephropathy, with no ultimate way of knowing what path the ailment will take. Once the kidneys are scarred, they cannot be repaired. Therefore, the vital goal of IgA nephropathy treatment is to inhibit or delay the inevitable, end-stage renal disease. Some people experience complete remission and others live normal lives with low-grade blood or protein in their urine. Treatment with numerous of medications can slow the progress of the disease and help manage symptoms such as high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and swelling. Some of the medications that are currently being used to treat IgAN are as follows: 1) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) which lowers blood pressure and reduces the amount of albumin in the urine. 2) Omega 3 Fatty acids, which aid in the reduction of inflammation throughout the body, in this case the glomeruli, leaving no harmful side effects. 3) Immunosuppressants such as corticosteroids medication (prednisone) will suppress the immune system response, allowing to protect kidney function. However, these can cause serious side effects such as high blood pressure and high blood sugar. 4) Statin therapy are cholesterol lowering medications that are known to help slow the damage to the kidneys. 5) Mycophenolate mofetil, or CellCept, has been successfully used in some pati ents who have had persistent protein in the urine, however, most studies so far have failed to show the benefit for using this medication. There are no sources in the current document.   Ã‚